This document has been produced within the framework of the European Union's Tempus programme, which is funded by the EuropeAid Development and Co-operation Directorate-General and the Directorate-General for Enlargement. It has been prepared by the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) on the basis of contributions from the Tempus Offices and the authorities concerned. 

The attached descriptions of higher education systems in the Tempus Partner Countries provide a tool for those who are either planning or already carrying out projects within Tempus. This document forms part of a series of four publications which have been produced for each of the regions covered by Tempus. The descriptions have been drafted by the National Tempus Offices in the Partner Countries, in cooperation with the National Authorities and the EU Delegations. The collection of data on the implementation of the Bologna process was carried out in close collaboration with Eurydice, the network on education systems and policies in Europe. The overall exercise was managed by the Tempus unit of the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency.

The descriptions consist of a general presentation of the higher education system in each country, information on current challenges and trends, information on the implementation of the Bologna process and on the participation in the Tempus and Erasmus Mundus programmes. They provide a snapshot of the situation in 2010, but it should be kept in mind that reality evolves at a high speed and that the constant developments in higher education cannot be reflected in these documents.