This document presents the results obtained within the Study on Remunerations of Researchers in the Public and Private Commercial Sectors that CARSA has carried out for the European Commission. The main objective of the study is to give a clear idea of the existing differences between researcher careers in EU25 and Associated Countries. Other areas of interest addressed in the study are the existing differences between researching and other similar professions, and differences between researchers working in Europe and those in Australia, China, India, Japan and the United States. The results of the study can support the Commission in the validation of the reference rates applicable to the “Marie Curie” Actions, as well as in the context of other elements of the Framework Programme.